When 5 p.m. rolls around and you haven’t given a single thought to what’s for dinner, the glowing sign in front of the burger joint down the street might be calling your name.
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A quick swing through the drive-thru can seem like a great option, but there’s a definite downside. In order to serve up food so quickly, cheaply and consistently, many fast food restaurants focus on process and efficiency instead of on serving quality, nutritious foods.
An occasional fast food meal isn’t anything to fret about, says dietitian Nancy Geib, RD, LDN. Sometimes, it might be your only option.
“If you do your research and you look for the best options, you can definitely still go to a fast food restaurant if that’s all you have,” she says.
But if burgers, French fries and greasy breakfast sandwiches become centerpieces of your diet, they could take a serious toll on your health. Unhealthy diets increase your chances of developing depression, cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and other chronic conditions.
What is considered fast food?
The history of fast food dates back almost a century, but the concept — and some of America’s most well-known fast food eateries — really took off during the 1940s and 50s. Today, it’s become such a staple of culture that as many as one in three Americans eat fast food every day.
You know fast food when you see it: It’s highly processed, mass-produced food that’s prepared quickly — usually on a grill, in a fryer or in a microwave. Fast food restaurants follow very specific preparation methods to make sure you get the crispy, greasy fries you expect every time.
Why is fast food bad for you?
Different foods can affect everyone in different ways, but here are just some of the things that frequently eating fast food might do to your body:
Raise your blood pressure
Many fast food items are packed with sodium, which acts as a preservative and enhances taste. “Everything that’s processed, packaged or boxed is going to have sodium,” Geib says.
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The problem is, high-sodium diets are known to increase blood pressure, which puts stress on your cardiovascular system. Over time, high blood pressure can stiffen or narrow your blood vessels, becoming a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke and heart failure.
Ideally, most adults should try to keep their salt intake under 1,500 milligrams per day, according to the American Heart Association — though its current recommendations allow for up to 2,300 milligrams daily. Because sodium is so prevalent in our diets, it can add up quickly.
For example, one bacon cheeseburger alone can get you pretty close to the daily recommended 1,500 milligrams of sodium. So can a large piece of fried chicken breast with mashed potatoes and gravy. Even seemingly healthier options, like an Italian-style sub sandwich, can contribute more than 1,000 milligrams to your daily intake.
Leave you bloated
Eating meals that are high in sodium, high in fat or heavy with refined carbohydrates (such as bread, buns or breading) can all leave you feeling bloated. And, if you add a soda to your meal, the carbonation could make it worse. Bloating should only be temporary, but it could cramp your style if you’re wearing pants that are tighter in the waist or if you’re trying to get rings on or off your fingers.
Drive up your cholesterol
Food that’s fried in oil is high in fat — and that includes saturated fat. Eating too much saturated fat can drive up your LDL, or “bad,” cholesterol, which puts you at risk for heart disease. The American Heart Association recommends that no more than 6% of your daily calories come from saturated fat. If you eat 2,000 calories a day, that’s about 13 grams, or the amount that’s in one bacon, egg and cheese breakfast sandwich.
Contribute to digestive problems
Bagels, muffins and anything breaded might be delicious, but they’re all processed carbohydrates that lack fiber. Eating adequate amounts of fiber (25 to 35 grams a day) helps keep things moving in your digestive tract. It lowers your risk for diverticulitis and other conditions associated with straining or constipation, such as hemorrhoids and hernias.
Dietary fiber also helps your good gut bacteria flourish and keeps you feeling full. If you rely heavily on fast food, you’ll struggle to get the recommended amount. For example, a coffee-shop blueberry muffin will give you nearly 20% of your daily carbohydrate needs but only a gram or two of fiber.
Lead to weight gain
If you go to the drive-thru and grab a value meal for dinner, chances are you’ll end up eating a bigger portion (and higher-calorie foods) than you would if you were cooking at home. If that becomes a regular thing, all those extra calories can add up to extra pounds. And when those calories are mostly from highly process carbohydrates, you might end up feeling hungry again within a few hours, which can lead to — you guessed it — even more extra calories.
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Then there’s the sugar factor. Sugar is a major culprit in the obesity epidemic. It hides in a lot of foods, including drinks and sauces. Guess how much sugar is in your morning café mocha? Upwards of 25 grams. Or in that vanilla milkshake? More than 80 grams, if you make it a large. That’s nearly 20 teaspoons!
Drain your energy
A quick hit of refined carbohydrates and sugar causes a spike in your blood sugar, which prompts your body to produce a surge of insulin to quickly bring it down. This spike-and-crash cycle can leave you feeling tired and cranky.
Meanwhile, a balanced meal with protein, healthy fats and fiber-rich carbohydrates takes longer for your body to digest and absorb. This slows the release of sugar into your bloodstream, so you get sustained energy without a crash.
Affect your mood
When you eat a diet that’s high in saturated fat, sodium, sugar and refined carbs, you’re not only getting too much of those things, but you’re also missing out on a lot of other important nutrients. Fruits and vegetables — beyond the iceberg lettuce and tomato slices that come on fast food sandwiches — are rich with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that nourish your body and improve your mood.
Eating a lot of processed foods may even increase your risk for depression.
Five of the most unhealthy fast food options
- Pizza: The average slice of pepperoni pizza contains about 680 milligrams of sodium, 12 grams of fat (including 5 grams of saturated fat) and 300 calories. But who eats just one slice? Three slices from a large pie provide more than 2,000 mg of sodium — almost the daily limit for average Americans in just one meal.
- Burger and fries: A typical double cheeseburger and large fries provides about 1,200 calories and up to 1,700 milligrams of sodium. Make it a combo with a large soda, and you’ll top 1,500 calories.
- Cold-cut combo: Lunch meats tend to be loaded with sodium, saturated fat and carcinogenic agents called nitrates and nitrites, which are known to increase the risk of certain cancers. Three ounces of processed deli meat can pack up to 1,300 milligrams of sodium — even before you add cheese, condiments, bread and chips.
- Hot dog: A typical frankfurter without condiments contains more than half of your daily recommended saturated fat intake and 33% of your sodium intake. If you usually eat two hot dogs, it would be close to your day’s allotment of saturated fat and sodium.
- Fried chicken: Just one fried chicken breast from your favorite chicken place packs 500 or more calories, 34 grams of fat and 1,200-plus milligrams of sodium.
Making healthier fast food choices
It actually is possible to eat fast food without sabotaging your healthy diet, but it requires a little legwork.
Look for meals with lean proteins, veggies and fiber, and avoid anything supersized.
“You can make an informed choice by doing research to find out the nutritional content of a particular fast food item,” Geib says. “All of the major restaurants should have that information online or be able to hand it to you in the restaurant, if you ask.”
FAQs
Here’s How Fast Food Can Affect Your Body? ›
Such risks include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and various cardiovascular conditions. This is because most fast food is high in sugar, salt, saturated fat, trans fats, processed ingredients, and calories. It is also generally low in antioxidants, fiber, and many other nutrients.
What are 4 effects of eating too much fast food? ›Eating a poor quality diet high in junk food is linked to a higher risk of obesity, depression, digestive issues, heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and early death.
What happens if you eat fast food everyday? ›Eating junk food on a regular basis can lead to an increased risk of obesity and chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and some cancers.
Why is fast food so unhealthy? ›These fast foods typically contain multiple chemicals and synthetic ingredients. They are calorically dense, highly flavored, and nutritionally barren. Fast foods typically contain extra corn syrup, sugar, artificial sweeteners, salt, coloring agents, and other potentially disease promoting chemicals.
What are 5 negative effects of eating fast food or junk food? ›- Obesity. ...
- Learning and memory problems. ...
- Loss of appetite and digestion. ...
- Mental impact leading to depression. ...
- Inadequate growth and development.
Cutting back on junk food means you'll be receiving less amounts of fat, sugar and calories, which will naturally lead to weight loss. You'll feel more energetic. Receiving more calories from junk food doesn't mean you're obtaining enough nutritional substance.
What does fast food do to your brain? ›Junk foods can hamper the signalling of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin (the happy hormones). This can lead to depression and other mental health disorders. Canadian researchers have found that fast food can often result in people feeling more hurried or impatient.
What are symptoms of eating too fast? ›When you eat too fast, you swallow more air, which can cause bloating and gas. Slowing down to properly chew your food helps to break down larger particles of food into smaller ones, aiding digestion.
What is the most threatening effect of fast food addiction? ›Thus, health risks associated with fast-food are increasing, especially among the young (Yarimoglu et al., 2019). Fast-food consumption is linked to a higher risk of obesity which can lead to cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, digestive issues, and depression (Dennis et al., 2006).
What happens if you eat McDonald's everyday? ›You'll be at risk of developing diabetes
While healthy bodies can handle this from time to time, daily insulin spikes from eating fast food can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. While manageable, diabetes is the 7th most common death in the United States.
How many times is it OK to eat fast food? ›
Eating fast food once a week ensures that you are able to give your body what it needs without harming it, and it also helps in boosting metabolism by making your body burn more calories. Just make sure to have a cheat meal, and not a cheat day.
How many times is too much fast food? ›A review of studies on fast food and heart health found having fast food more than once a week was linked to a higher risk of obesity, while eating fast food more than twice a week was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and death from coronary heart disease.
What is the healthiest fast food restaurant? ›- Chipotle. Chipotle Mexican Grill is a restaurant chain that specializes in foods like tacos and burritos. ...
- Chick-fil-A. Chick-fil-A is a fast-food restaurant that specializes in chicken sandwiches. ...
- Wendy's. ...
- McDonald's. ...
- Ruby Tuesday. ...
- The Cheesecake Factory. ...
- KFC. ...
- Subway.
The level of hygiene and nutrition varies depending on the type of fast food. So, to answer your question, it is okay to eat fast food once a week, as long as it is a hygienic place.
How does fast food drain your energy? ›Junky foods' insufficient protein burdens your metabolism because your pancreas ends up secreting higher amounts of insulin to prevent a spike in your blood sugar levels. This zaps your body's energy. High-fat snacks have an adverse effect on your brain.
Can I eat fast food and still have a healthy diet? ›Quick Summary
Yes. You can eat junk food and get in shape provided you monitor your calorie intake and meet your essential protein and fatty acids needs. Junk food should never make up the bulk of your diet, even if the food choices fit your calorie needs. Junk food isn't filling and may leave you feeling hungry.
Refined foods such as white bread, white rice, and soda trigger a hormonal response in the body to reduce blood sugar levels. This response also may cause or exacerbate mood changes, fatigue, and other symptoms of depression.
What fast food does to your body? ›In the short term, fast food impacts blood sugar and blood pressure, increases inflammation, and may mean an individual does not eat enough necessary nutrients. In the long term, a diet rich in fast food could lead to issues with digestion, immunity, inflammation, heart health, obesity, and more.
Why do people eat fast? ›You may eat quickly not only because you feel like you're doing something wrong but also because it's so exciting! When we are excited to do (or eat) something, it naturally causes us to speed up and rush through it - it's the same, or even more so, with food.
How long does it take to detox from fast food? ›These people reported that they experienced sadness, tiredness, cravings, and increased irritability in the first two to five days after quitting junk food. These symptoms eventually cooled off after those initial few days. This corresponds with the general understanding of how drug withdrawals work.
How long does it take for junk food to leave your system? ›
Junk food can adversely affect your metabolism:
Our metabolism becomes so weak that after 5 days it takes time of 2-3 days for our body to function normally as before.
The detoxification process may vary from one day to weeks depending on the type of detox you choose. Good and adequate sleep allows eliminating toxins that accumulate throughout the day. Eating a diet rich in prebiotics and probiotics keeps your digestive system healthy, and thus helps in proper detoxification.
What food can cause anxiety? ›- Alcohol.
- Caffeine.
- Sugary drinks and foods.
- Processed foods, such as chips, cookies, frozen foods and ready-made meals.
- Foods high in trans fats and excessive saturated fats, such as fried foods, red meat, full-fat dairy, butter and baked goods.
In addition to depression, eating too much junk food can worsen symptoms of anxiety. The refined carbohydrates found in a lot of fast food can cause your blood sugar to fluctuate, in some cases triggering panic attacks, insomnia, and symptoms linked to anxiety.
Can fast food cause anxiety? ›Processed Foods
If you eat lots of processed meat, fried food, refined cereals, candy, pastries, and high-fat dairy products, you're more likely to be anxious and depressed. A diet full of whole fiber-rich grains, fruits, vegetables, and fish can help keep you on a more even keel.
If you've overeaten, take a gentle walk to help stimulate the process in your body that pushes the food down your gastrointestinal tract. Don't run or overexert yourself, though. If you work too hard, blood will flow to your legs rather than your stomach, and digestion will slow down. No napping.
What is it called when you eat too fast and it hurts? ›Eating too fast or taking large bites can cause dysphagia. So can eating while lying down or not drinking enough water while eating. You may also experience dysphagia if you can't chew properly because of painful or missing teeth or dentures. Nerve and muscle disorders.
What happens to your body when you fast too long? ›Going too long without eating might actually encourage your body to start storing more fat in response to starvation. Mattson's research shows that it can take two to four weeks before the body becomes accustomed to intermittent fasting. You might feel hungry or cranky while you're getting used to the new routine.
What happens if you eat fast food everyday for a year? ›Fast food is often high in calories, fat, and sugar but low in nutrients and fiber. While eating fast food occasionally isn't a problem, consuming it frequently may raise your risk of obesity, heart attack, and other health issues.
What parts of the body are affected due to unhealthy eating? ›- being overweight or obese.
- tooth decay.
- high blood pressure.
- high cholesterol.
- heart disease and stroke.
- type-2 diabetes.
- osteoporosis.
- some cancers.
Why does fast food make me sick? ›
Its Saturated Fat Causes Indigestion
High-fat foods take longer to digest than foods lower in fat, and saturated fat leads to buildups in stomach acid, which can make its way into your esophagus.
Most types of pizzas are high in calories and sodium, as they're usually topped with cheese, salty meats and other high-calorie toppings. Plus, some pizzas contain added sugar in the crust, certain toppings and sauces.
Is KFC healthier than McDonald's? ›While chicken is an obvious Men's Health staple, KFC's reliance on greasy oils and subsequent sky-high calorific content makes Maccy's an unlikely victor. The more varied menu and healthy options, as well as classic, gut-busting fare, make it the ideal spot to play fast and loose with your nutrition plan.
How often can you eat fast food and still be healthy? ›Eating fast food once a week ensures that you are able to give your body what it needs without harming it, and it also helps in boosting metabolism by making your body burn more calories. Just make sure to have a cheat meal, and not a cheat day.
Is Subway sandwich junk food? ›Well, the subway is not very healthy for weight loss, but you can eat it as your cheat meal. Also, as subway serves everything as per your choice, you can, however, choose to make it healthy with fewer calories and fat or amongst their Fresh Fit Menu.
Is pizza considered healthy? ›Depending on the type of crust, the amount of cheese and the toppings used, pizza can rank anywhere from nutritionally decent to a diet disaster. Even healthy pizzas deliver a good amount of sodium from tomato sauce and cheese, so if you are watching your salt intake, you should eat with caution.
What is the one food you should eat everyday? ›Including lean protein, vegetables, and nuts in the diet every day can help people stay healthy and prevent certain chronic conditions. Some plant foods, such as cruciferous vegetables and berries, contain particularly beneficial compounds, including polyphenols and glucosinolates.
What is the most unhealthy meat to eat? ›Finally, health experts say to stay away from processed meats, which are generally considered to be unhealthy. These include any meat that has been smoked, salted, cured, dried, or canned. Compared to fresh meat, processed meats are high in sodium and can have double the amount of nitrates.
Why do Americans eat so much fast food? ›Americans eat fast food for a variety of reasons, but most of these reasons tie into a central theme of convenience. Fast food is quick, relatively cheap, and made by someone other than you or a family member. America is a country with plenty of hard-working citizens, so time and money are often highly valued.
How much fast food is OK per week? ›Remember that junk foods are okay to eat occasionally, but they should not make up more than 10% of your daily energy intake. In a day, this may be a simple treat such as a small muffin or a few squares of chocolate. On a weekly basis, this might mean no more than two fast-food meals per week.
Is it okay to eat unhealthy sometimes? ›
Isn't a treat now and then OK? The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) supports the idea of eating certain foods in moderation. 1 That means it's acceptable to eat something that isn't good for you as long as you only eat a small amount and not very often.
What is the cleanest fast-food? ›First Place. Chick-fil-A won a blue ribbon for being the cleanest fast-food restaurant in America. While the chain came neck-in-neck with the second-place restaurant for interior cleanness (at 68.6%), it jumped ahead thanks to higher marks for food prep and kitchen sparkle (66.5%).
What is the least unhealthy fast-food? ›- Arby's Roast Chicken Entrée Salad. ...
- Panera's Napa Almond Chicken Salad on Country Rustic Sourdough. ...
- Chick-Fil-A's Grilled Chicken Sandwich. ...
- Starbuck's Tomato and Mozzarella Panini. ...
- Dunkin's Veggie Egg White Omelet. ...
- Wendy's Sour Cream and Chive Baked Potato.
Subway. Subway has established themselves as the go-to place for healthier fast food options. They have many lower calorie sub options available and their nutritional information is readily available.
How unhealthy is the Big Mac? ›540 calories (more than 25% of an adult's daily recommended intake). 25 grams of (much saturated) fat (more than 40% of an adults daily recommended intake). 940 milligrams of salt (the majority of the 1,500 mg daily salt intake recommended by the American Heart Association).
What is the 3 bite rule? ›Simply stated, The 3 Bite Rule is a strategy to enjoy your favorite “bad boyfriend” foods out of the house by taking three bites, and then stopping. Note: I find it works best if the portion is already small at the get-go, and if you have dining companions who are good sharers!
Is it OK to eat a hamburger once a week? ›A Whopper Of A Report: Only One Burger A Week Is Best For Your Health And The Planet. The study in Lancet recommending a plant-based diet comes from nutrition, agriculture and environmental experts recommending a "Great Food Transformation" by 2050.
Can drinking water lower blood pressure? ›Still, you can make lifestyle changes to bring your blood pressure down. Something as simple as keeping yourself hydrated by drinking six to eight glasses of water every day improves blood pressure. Water makes up 73% of the human heart,¹ so no other liquid is better at controlling blood pressure.
What are the worst foods for high blood pressure? ›- Bread. 5/12. ...
- Soup. 6/12. ...
- Tomato Juice and Sauces. 7/12. ...
- Processed Meat. 8/12. ...
- Pizza. 9/12. ...
- Beer, Wine, and Alcohol. 10/12. ...
- Cheese. 11/12. Some types are more likely to raise your blood pressure than others. ...
- Condiments. 12/12. Ketchup, soy sauce, and salad dressings are all high in sodium.
You become prone to cardiovascular diseases due to the consumption of bad cholesterol and fat plus sodium. In other words, all this interferes with the functioning of your heart. Furthermore, junk food contains a higher level of carbohydrates. It will instantly spike your blood sugar levels.
What are the negative effects of eating foods? ›
Consuming unhealthy food and beverages, such as sugar-sweetened beverages and highly processed food, can lead to weight gain, obesity and other chronic conditions that put people at higher risk of at least 13 types of cancer, including endometrial (uterine) cancer, breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and colorectal ...
What are the cons of junk food? ›Junk food can result in long-term damage, going for unhealthy food stuffs like French fries, pizza, pastries and candy can increase your risk of developing depression, obesity, heart disease and cancer.
What is the benefit of fast food? ›Fast food might be an excellent alternative, especially on busy days when every minute matters. Fast food is a speedy way to eat. Many fast-food restaurants provide food in a few minutes. Fast food is a good option if you are in a hurry, don't have time to prepare, and want to eat quickly.
How to avoid fast food? ›- Eat Regular Meals so You Do Not Get Too hungry. ...
- Drink Water First and Eliminate Sugar Sweetened Beverages. ...
- Consume Snacks that are Nutritious and Low in Calories. ...
- Understand Your Stressors. ...
- Get Plenty of Sleep. ...
- Keep a Smile on Your Face and Realize the Downside of Marketing.
Remember that junk foods are okay to eat occasionally, but they should not make up more than 10% of your daily energy intake. In a day, this may be a simple treat such as a small muffin or a few squares of chocolate. On a weekly basis, this might mean no more than two fast-food meals per week.
What are 5 consequences of unhealthy eating? ›- being overweight or obese.
- tooth decay.
- high blood pressure.
- high cholesterol.
- heart disease and stroke.
- type-2 diabetes.
- osteoporosis.
- some cancers.
They are not only providing people with nutrients that the body needs to keep bones, muscles, and the brain strong, but junk food can also provide economical benefits. Economical benefits such as helping people save time on their lunch break, save money over a long period of time, while also providing a tasty meal.
Is it OK to never eat junk food? ›The combination of fat and sugar make junk foods addicting and easy to overconsume. Still, completely avoiding them may not be beneficial. Enjoying your favorite treat on occasion is a more healthful and sustainable approach for most people. If you're worried about trigger foods, talk to a healthcare professional.
What is the difference between junk food and fast food? ›Fast Food and Junk Food: Definitions
Fast food is a type of food you get from a restaurant designed to deliver the order in the quickest possible way. Junk food is food with extremely low nutritional value, sometimes called rich in 'empty calories'.