MATHEMATICS
SECOND TERM
WEEK 1
PRIMARY 4
THEME – NUMBER AND NUMERATION
PREVIOUS LESSON –First Term Examination Mathematics Primary 4 (Basic 4) – Exam Questions
TOPIC – FRACTIONS
LEARNING AREA
1. Introduction
2. Meaning and Types of Fractions
3. Relationships between Improper and Mixed Fractions and Vice Versa
4. Revision Test
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, most pupils should have attained the following objectives –
1. explain the meaning of fraction.
2. identify each type of fraction.
3. differentiate between proper and improper fractions.
4. change improper fractions to mixed fractions and vice versa.
5. attempt most of the revision test correctly.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR
The pupils can share fruits, bread, etc. equally or more than one another.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:
1. Orange
2. Paper cuttings of different shapes
3. Fraction chart
4. Squares
5. Cardboards
6. Flow chart of quantitative reasoning
7. Flash cards
METHOD OF TEACHING
Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.
Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
1. Scheme of Work
2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
3. Course Book
4. All Relevant Material
5. Online Information
CONTENT OF THE LESSON
LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY 1 – PARTS OF WHOLE
A whole
Equal Parts
One Part
One part or one – fifth
One fifth means one part in five equal parts.
Two parts or Two – fifth
Two fifth means two parts in five equal parts.
Three parts – Three – fifth
Three fifth means three parts in five equal parts.
Four – fifth
Four – fifth means four parts in five equal parts.
ACTIVITY 2 – MEANING OF FRACTION
A part of a whole is called fraction.
Fraction can be defined as a part or parts of a whole.
ACTIVITY 3 – NUMERATOR AND DENOMINATOR
A fraction has two parts. That’s, the numerator and denominator.
For example, in activity 1
One – fifths is written 1/5.
Two – fifths is written as 2/5.
Three – fifth is written as 3/5.
Four – fifth is written as 4/5.
Fifth – fifth is written as 5/5.
NUMERATOR
____________________________
DENOMINATOR
We call the top number theNumerator, it is the number of parts wehave.
We call the bottom number theDenominator, it is the number of parts the whole isdivided into.
ACTIVITY 4 – LESSON EVALUATION
1. Fraction is a part of a ______.
A. whole
B. part
C. all
2. What is a fraction?
A. A fraction is a whole of a part.
B. A fraction is part of a whole.
C. A fraction is a part and a whole.
Use the following shapes for questions 3 – 6.
A B C D
3. What is the fraction of shaded part of A?
4. The unshaded part of C is ______.
5. What is the shaded part B and unshaded of D?
6. What is the denominator of unshaded part of D?
7. ______ is the number of parts we have.
A. Numerator
B. Denominator
8. ______ is the number of parts the whole is divided into.
A. Numerator
B. Denominator
9. Four ninth means ______.
A. four parts in nine equal parts.
B. nine parts in four equal parts.
10. An object is divided into 10 equal parts. Three parts is called ______.
A. 10/3
B. 3/10
C. 3-10
ANSWER KEYS
1. A – whole
2. B – A fraction is part of a whole.
3. Half or 1/2
4. 2/3 or two – third
(Video) Fractions for Kids5. 1/3 and 4/5
6. 5
7. A – Numerator
8. B – Denominator
9. A. four parts in nine equal parts.
10. B. 3/10
LESSON 2 – TYPES OF FRACTIONS
ACTIVITY 1 – REVISION OF LESSON 1
ACTIVITY 2 – COMPARING NUMERATOR AND DENOMINATOR
A.
Numerator is 2 while denominator is 5.
The numerator is less than denominator,
B.
Numerator is 7 while denominator is 5.
The denominator is greater than numerator,
QUICK EVALUATION
1. State 3 examples of fractions with each numerator greater than denominator.
2. Give 3 examples of fractions with each denominator greater than numerator.
ACTIVITY 3 – PROPER AND IMPROPER FRACTIONS
2/5 is a proper fraction
while
7/5 is an improper fraction.
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A proper fraction is a fraction where numerator is less than the denominator.
2 – smaller
____
5 – greater
An improper Fraction is a fraction where denominator is greater than numerator.
7 – larger
____
5 – smaller
ACTIVITY 4 – MIXED FRACTIONS
Share the following burger among two pupils.
Each of them will get two and share the last one into two equal parts.
Each one of them with get two and a half.
Two and a half is written as 2½.
2½ stands for whole plus a fraction.
2 is a whole number ½ a fraction.
This kind of fraction is known as mixed fraction.
A mixed fraction is the combination of a whole number and a fraction.
ACTIVITY 5 – TYPES OF FRACTIONS
There are three major types of fractions.
1. Proper fractions
2. Improper fractions
3. Mixed fractions
ACTIVITY 6 – LESSON EVALUATION
1. Fraction is a part of a ______.
A. whole
B. part
C. all
2. What is a fraction?
A. A fraction is a whole of a part.
B. A fraction is a part of a whole.
C. A fraction is a part and a whole.
3. There are ______ types of fractions.
A. Thirty
B. Three
C. Third
4. ______is a fraction where numerator is less than the denominator.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fractions
C. Improper fraction
5. ______is a fraction where denominator is greater than numerator.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fraction
C. Improper fraction
6. ______ is the combination of a whole number and a fraction.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fraction
C. Improper fraction
7. 5¾ is a good example of ______.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fraction
C. Improper fraction
8. 8/5 is a good example of ______.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fractions
C. Improper fraction
9. 5/8 is a good example of ______.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fractions
C. Improper fraction
10. Differentiate between the following –
A. Proper and improper fractions
B. Mixed fractions and other types of fractions
C. What is the similarity between proper and mixed fractions.
ANSWER KEYS
1. A – whole
2. B – A fraction is a part of a whole.
3. B – Three
4. B – Proper fraction
5. C – Improper fraction
6. A – Mixed fraction
7. A – Mixed fraction
8. C – Improper fraction
9. B – Proper fraction
10. Teacher’s discretion
LESSON 3 – RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROPER AND MIXED FRACTIONS
ACTIVITY 1 – REVISION OF THE PREVIOUS LESSONS
A fraction is a part of a whole.
There are 3 types of fractions.
(Video) Fractions for Kids: Halves and Quarters1. Proper fractions
2. Improper fractions
3. Mixed fractions
A proper fraction is a fraction where numerator is less than the denominator.
2 – smaller
____
5 – greater
Note – Proper fractions are also fractions less than one.
An improper Fraction is a fraction where denominator is greater than numerator.
7 – larger
____
5 – smaller
Note – Improper fractions are also fractions greater than one.
A mixed fraction is the combination of a whole number and a fraction.
ACTIVITY 2 – CHANGING IMPROPER FRACTIONS TO MIXED FRACTIONS
Examples of improper fractions are –
Each of the following can be expressed as
1. 11/7,
5 + 5 + 1
_____________
5
= 1 + 1 + 1/6
= 2 + 1/6
= 2 1/6
2. 7/2,
2 + 2 + 2 + 1
_____________
2
= 3 1/2
3. 9/7,
7 + 2
_____________
7
= 1 2/7
ACTIVITY 3 – FURTHER EXAMPLES
1. 25/7
7 + 7 + 7 + 4
________________
7
= 3 4/7
2. 30/11
11 + 11 + 8
________________
11
= 2 8/11
3. 37/5
5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 2
________________________________
5
= 7 2/5
ACTIVITY 4 – LESSON EVALUATION
1. _____ is greater than 1.
A. Proper fraction
B. Improper fraction
C. Both
2. Which of these is less than 1?
A. Proper fraction
B. Improper fraction
C. Mixed fraction
3. _____ can be expressed as mixed fractions.
A. Proper fractions
B. Improper fractions
C. Proper and improper fractions
4. Which of these fractions cannot be expressed as mixed fractions?
A. Proper fraction
B. Improper fraction
C. Both
Change the following mixed fractions.
5. 15/4
6. 21/2
7. 41/12
8. The following are mixed fractions except.
A. 2 3/4
B. 2 4/3
C. 3 3/4
9. 15/ 2 is
A. 7 1/2
B. 7 2/1
C. 7 1/12
10. 41/12 = 3 5/12
A. False
B. True
C. None of the above
ANSWER KEYS/CORRECTION
1. B – improper fraction
2. A – Proper fraction
3. B. Improper fraction
4. A Proper fraction
5. 15/4
= 4 + 4 + 4 + 3
_______________
4
= 3 3/4
6. 21/2
= 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1
_____________________________________
2
= 10 1/2
7. 41/12
= 12 + 12 + 12 + 5
_______________
12
= 3 5/12
8. B – 2 4/3
9. A – 7 1/2
10. B – True
LESSON 4 – MIXED FRACTIONS AND IMPROPER FRACTIONS
ACTIVITY 1 – REVISION OF LESSON 3
As stated in lesson 3 evaluation.
ACTIVITY 2 – MIXED FRACTIONS
A mixed fraction is the combination of a whole number and a fraction.
The following are examples of mixed fractions –
1. 3 5/12
2. 10 1/12
3. 7 2/5
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Note – Improper fractions can be changed to mixed fractions. Likewise, mixed fractions can also be changed to improper fractions.
ACTIVITY 3 – CHANGING MIXED FRACTIONS TO IMPROPER FRACTIONS
1. 3 5/12
= 12 x 3 + 5
______________
12
= 36 + 5
___________
12
= 41/12
2. 10 1/2
= 10 x 2 + 1
______________
2
= 20 + 5
___________
2
= 25/2
3. 7 2/5
= 7 x 5 + 2
______________
5
= 35 + 2
___________
5
= 37/5
ACTIVITY 4 – LESSON EVALUATION
1. A mixed fraction is the combination of a whole number and _____.
A. improper fraction
B. mixed number
C. proper fraction
2. Whole number + Proper Fraction =
A. Fraction
B. Whole and Fraction
C. Mixed Fraction
Change the following to mixed fractions.
3. 12 5/6
4. 13 1/2
5. 1 11/12
6. 7 5/8
7. 1 1/2
8. 5 3/9
9. If seven oranges are shared among three children, how many balls each of them get?
10. Ten cooked eggs are divided between six pupils. Each pupil will get how many eggs.
ANSWER KEYS/CORRECTIONS
1. C – proper fraction
2. C – Mixed fraction
3. 12 5/6 = 65/6
4. 13 1/2 = 27/2
5. 1 11/12 = 23/12
6. 7/3 = 2 1/3
7. 1 1/2 = 3/2
8. 5 3/9 = 48/9
9. 7/3 = 1 1/3
10. 10/6 = 1 4/6 = 1 2/3
PRESENTATION
To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps – he/she,
1. Revises the previous lesson based on the pupil’s related knowledge or experience.
Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in lesson review.
2. Guides pupils to divide an object, e.g. a circle into five equal parts to introduce a fraction.
Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in sharing of an object.
3. Uses the lesson introduction to guide the pupils to define a fraction.
Pupil’s Activities – Follow the guideline to define a fraction.
4. Guide the pupils to identify each of a fraction. For example, numerator and denominator.
Pupil’s Activities – Differentiate between numerator and denominator.
5. Lesson 1 evaluation and correction.
Pupil’s Activities – Attempt most of the questions and take corrections.
6. Uses the numerators and denominators to introduce proper and improper fractions.
7. Uses real life applications to introduce the concept of mixed fractions.
Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the teacher’s illustration.
8. Guides pupils to identify what is proper and improper fraction as well as a mixed number with appropriate examples.
Pupil’s Activities – Explains the meaning of proper and improper fractions and mixed fractions.
9. Lesson 2 evaluation and correction.
Pupil’s Activities – Attempt most of the questions and take corrections.
10. Guides pupils to convert from improper fractions to mixed numbers.
Pupil’s Activities – Convert from improper fractions to mixed numbers.
11. Lesson 3 evaluation and correction.
Pupil’s Activities – Attempt most of the questions and take corrections.
12. Guides pupils to convert from mixed fractions to proper numbers.
Pupil’s Activities – Convert from mixed fractions to proper numbers.
13. Lesson 4 evaluation and correction.
Pupil’s Activities – Attempt most of the questions and take corrections.
CONCLUSION
To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.
NEXT LESSON
LESSON EVALUATION
Ask pupils to:
1. explain the meaning of fraction.
2. differentiate between proper and improper fractions with appropriate examples.
3. change improper fractions to mixed fractions and vice versa.
5. attempt most of the revision test correctly.
WEEKLY ASSESSMENT
ATTEMPT ALL THE QUESTIONS
Randomly chosen 10 to 15 questions for the weekly assessment.
1. Fraction is a part of a ______.
A. whole
B. part
C. all
2. What is a fraction?
A. A fraction is a whole of a part.
B. A fraction is a part of a whole.
C. A fraction is a part and a whole.
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3. There are ______ types of fractions.
A. Thirty
B. Three
C. Third
4. ______is a fraction where numerator is less than the denominator.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fractions
C. Improper fraction
5. ______is a fraction where denominator is greater than numerator.A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fraction
C. Improper fraction
6. ______ is the combination of a whole number and a fraction.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fraction
C. Improper fraction
7. 5¾ is a good example of ______.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fraction
C. Improper fraction
8. 8/5 is a good example of ______.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fractions
C. Improper fraction
9. 5/8 is a good example of ______.
A. Mixed fraction
B. Proper fractions
C. Improper fraction
10. Differentiate between the following –
A. Proper and improper fractions
B. Mixed fractions and other types of fractions
C. What is the similarity between proper and mixed fractions.
Use the following shapes for questions 11 – 14.
A B C D
11. What is the fraction of shaded part of A?
12. The unshaded part of C is ______.
13. What is the shaded part B and unshaded of D?
14. What is the denominator of unshaded part of D?
15. ______ is the number of parts we have.
A. Numerator
B. Denominator
16. ______ is the number of parts the whole is divided into.
A. Numerator
B. Denominator
17. Four ninth means ______.
A. four parts in nine equal parts.
B. nine parts in four equal parts.
18. An object is divided into 10 equal parts. Three parts is called ______.A. 10/3
B. 3/10
C. 3-10
19. _____ is greater than 1.
A. Proper fraction
B. Improper fraction
C. Both
20. Which of these is less than 1?
A. Proper fraction
B. Improper fraction
C. Mixed fraction
21. _____ can be expressed as mixed fractions.
A. Proper fractions
B. Improper fractions
C. Proper and improper fractions
22. Which of these fractions cannot be expressed as mixed fractions?
A. Proper fraction
B. Improper fraction
C. Both
Change the following mixed fractions.
23. 15/4
24. 21/2
25. 41/12
26. The following are mixed fractions except.
A. 2 3/4
B. 2 4/3
C. 3 3/4
27. 15/ 2 is
A. 7 1/2
B. 7 2/1
C. 7 1/12
28. 41/12 = 3 5/12
A. False
B. True
C. None of the above
29. A mixed fraction is the combination of a whole number and _____.
A. improper fraction
B. mixed number
C. proper fraction
30. Whole number + Proper Fraction =
A. Fraction
B. Whole and Fraction
C. Mixed Fraction
Change the following to mixed fractions.
31. 12 5/6
32. 13 1/2
33. 1 11/12
34. 7 5/8
35. 1 1/2
36. 5 3/9
37. If seven oranges are shared among three children, how many balls each of them get?
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38. Ten cooked eggs are divided between six pupils. Each pupil will get how many eggs.
FAQs
What is fraction in maths primary 4? ›
Fractions represent the parts of a whole or collection of objects. A fraction has two parts. The number on the top of the line is called the numerator. It tells how many equal parts of the whole or collection are taken. The number below the line is called the denominator.
What is a proper fraction lesson note? ›A proper fraction is a fraction that has a smaller numerator than denominator, and represents a number less than 1. For instance, 3/4 is a proper fraction. Out of four equal amounts or pieces, we have three.
How do you introduce a fraction lesson? ›Visual models and manipulatives are probably the most effective way to introduce fraction concepts. But once they are strong in the foundations, students should also learn how to use fractions in expressions and equations. This helps students think more flexibly about fractions and deepen their abstract thinking.
What are the learning outcomes of fractions? ›Learning Objectives
identify types of fractions. compare and contrast different types of fractions. represent fractions on a number line.
A fraction is a part of a whole. In arithmetic, the number is expressed as a quotient, in which the numerator is divided by the denominator. In a simple fraction, both are integers. A complex fraction has a fraction in the numerator or denominator.
What are important fraction rules? ›To add or subtract fractions they must have the same denominator (the bottom value). If the denominators are already the same then it is just a matter of either adding or subtracting the numerators (the top value). If the denominators are different then a common denominator needs to be found.
What are 3 ways to teach fractions? ›Paper Folding: Concretely represent a fraction as part of a larger whole. Tape Diagrams and Circle Diagrams: Connect the concrete to the visual with these fluency-building fraction activities. Area Models: Help students to visualize multiplication of fractions.
What are the key questions for teaching fractions? ›- What is a fraction? (a whole that has been divided into equal parts)
- How can we represent fractions? (number lines, strip diagrams, pictures)
- What does the denominator tell us? (the number of equal parts the whole is divided into)
Partitioning and iterating are ways for students to understand the meaning of fractions, especially numerators and denominators.
What is the importance of fractions in mathematics? ›Fractions help children understand the nature of numbers and their interactions (e.g., the meaning of division). If a child doesn't understand how fractions work, it will interfere with his ability to learn algebra later.
What are the 3 parts of a fraction? ›
A fraction represents a part of the whole or group of objects.In a fraction, numerator (top number) and denominator (bottom number) are separated by a horizontal bar known as the fractional bar. The denominator represents the number of equal parts the whole is divided into or total number of objects in a group.
What is the topic of fraction in math? ›Definition of fraction in Maths
In Maths, a fraction is used to represent the portion/part of the whole thing. It represents the equal parts of the whole. A fraction has two parts, namely numerator and denominator. The number on the top is called the numerator, and the number on the bottom is called the denominator.
Examples of a proper fraction are: ⅖, ⅓, 6/11, etc. An improper fraction refers to a fraction in which its numerator is greater than its denominator. The improper fraction is greater than the part of the whole.
What is a fraction lesson Year 4? ›In Year 4, your child will explore the link between fractions and multiplication/division. They will also learn more about decimals, using numbers with up to two decimal places. The key words for this section are non-unit fraction, denominator, numerator, factor, and place value.
What are the five concepts of fractions? ›The most frequently mentioned factors contributing to the complexity is fractions having five interrelated constructs: part-whole, ratio, operator, quotient, and measure.
What are the 5 meanings of fractions? ›Educators generally agree that there are five main interpretations: fractions as parts of wholes or parts of sets; fractions as the result of dividing two numbers; fractions as the ratio of two quantities; fractions as operators; and fractions as measures (Behr, Harel, Post, and Lesh 1992; Kieren 1988; Lamon 1999).
What is the Golden Rule of fractions? ›The mathematical golden rule states that, for any fraction, both numerator and denominator may be multiplied by the same number without changing the fraction's value.
What are important facts about fractions? ›- The word fraction comes from the Latin word "fractio". ...
- Ancient Egyptians only used unit fractions, which are fractions that have a numerator of 1 Fractions were used to calculate taxes.
- The top number of the fraction is called the numerator, while the bottom number is the denominator.
Drinks: To make drinks like mocktails, different fractions of liquids are mixed in the right amounts to get the best outcome. Pizza: Dividing the pizza slices equally amongst everyone requires fractions. Photography and videography: The shutter speed of a camera is calculated using fractions.
What is the best tool to teach children about fractions? ›- Gracie & Friends Lemonade Stand. Interactive games thoroughly address small, focused learning goal. ...
- JumpStart Academy Math. Adaptive math tool offers individualized activities and fun games. ...
- Matific. ...
- Khan Academy. ...
- Cyberchase Fractions Quest. ...
- Slice Fractions School Edition. ...
- Fraction Mash. ...
- Mangahigh.
What tools can be used to teach a lesson on fractions? ›
- Tool #2: Fraction Circles.
- Equivalent Fractions Tool #3: Dominoes.
- Tool #4: Play Dough.
- Equivalent Fractions Tool #5: Whiteboards.
MONEY IN GENERAL: A quarter is a ¼ of a dollar. Dimes are 1/10 of a dollar. If you know fractions, adding your money is quick and easy. GAS TANK: If you've got an 1/8 of a tank, how much further can you drive?
What is the daily use of fractions? ›A fraction is used for the representation of equal parts of a whole body. While performing our daily activities, we use fractions unknowingly in several ways. You might say things like “We're having dinner at a quarter past seven”, or “we need 2/3 of a cup of sugar for the cake”.
Why is it important to simplify fractions? ›A fraction is said to be in its simplest form if 1 is the only common factor of its numerator and denominator. For example,89,because 1 is the only common factor of 8 and 9 in this fraction. We simplify fractions because it is always to work or calculate when the fractions are in the simplest form.
What is fraction in simplest form Grade 4? ›key idea. A fraction is written in lowest terms when it uses the smallest possible numerator and denominator. To put a fraction in lowest terms, find the largest number that divides both the numerator and the denominator. Divide both the numerator and the denominator by that number.
What is a fraction in math definition for kids? ›A fraction describes a part of a whole. For example, one slice of a pizza is a fraction of the whole pizza.
What is the definition of a fraction in math? ›A fraction is a part of a whole. In arithmetic, the number is expressed as a quotient, in which the numerator is divided by the denominator. In a simple fraction, both are integers. A complex fraction has a fraction in the numerator or denominator. In a proper fraction, the numerator is less than the denominator.
What is simplest form of fraction? ›Simplest form of a fraction is the fraction, whose numerator and denominator are relatively prime. It means the numerator (upper part or top) and denominator (lower part or bottom) of the fraction does not have any common factor between them, apart from 1.
What is simplest form in math fractions? ›Fractions. Simplest Form. A fraction is in its simplest form when the numerator and the denominator have no common factors besides one.
What is the formula for fractions? ›All we have to do is to multiply the denominator of the fractional part with the whole number or integer and add the numerator to it. The number we obtain after applying these series of arithmetic operations of multiplication and addition will be written in the numerator. The denominator will remain as it is.
What are fractions basic concepts? ›
When an object or a group of objects is divided into equal parts, then each individual part is a fraction. A fraction is usually written as 1/2 or 5/12 or 7/18 and so on. It is divided into a numerator and denominator where the denominator represents the total number of equal parts into which the whole is divided.
What is a real life example of a fraction? ›Here are some examples of fractions in real life: Eating at a restaurant: Think about a time you go to a restaurant with friends and the waitress brings a single bill. To divide the total amongst the friends, you use fractions. Shopping: Think about the time you went shopping for a new school bag.
What are the 7 types of fractions definition? ›There are 7 kinds of fractions; Proper Fractions, Improper Fractions, Mixed Fractions, Like Fractions, Unit Fractions, Equivalent Fractions and Same Numerator Fractions.