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Importantly, negative occasion setting reflects a form of learning that is not readily accounted for by standard models of associative learning [e.g., 5]. Indeed, there are currently several different theories that have been proposed to explain negative occasion setting [e.g., 3, 6-10]. Moreover, only a few studies have considered the brain.
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This concept is known as occasion setting, and it refers to how contextual cues can influence a person's behaviour. The idea of occasion setting was first introduced by Ivan Pavlov, who found that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if it was paired with food repeatedly. This same principle can be applied to humans.
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Occasion setting. Holland (1983) suggested that, in addition to acting as a simple CS (by predicting the occurrence of a US), a CS could also act as an occasion setter (by modulating the responding generated by another CS). More informally, rather than signaling the delivery of the US, an occasion setter indicates whether another cue is to be.
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Occasion setting as a learning process can be distinguished from simple conditioning in a number of ways (Fraser & Holland, 2019; Trask et al., 2017), though we will focus on the ones
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Because the idea that occasion setting might reflect the contribution of configural cues (e.g., Wilson and Pearce, 1989; Brandon and Wagner, 1998; Wagner and Brandon, 2001) rather than the.
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This phenomenon, called occasion setting, is central to the development and modulation of fear. We conducted a human fear conditioning study of Pavlovian occasion setting using traditional.
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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.
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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and counterconditioning, and their combination and transfer.
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Occasion setting is a form of hierarchical learning involving associative and nonassociative processes. Occasion setters are discrete stimuli or contexts that disambiguate Pavlovian and/or operant relations. In cases where stimuli or responses are "sometimes" associated with biologically relevant events, occasion setters can provide.
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Also occasion-setting-like behaviour can be maintained even when the potential configural cues are severely degraded. Thus, although the parsimony of a configural account is appealing, standard versions of such accounts have difficulty dealing with the empirical findings. 4.
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Author(s): Fraser, Kurt M; Holland, Peter C | Abstract: Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.
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An occasion setter is a stimulus that modulates the ability of another stimulus to control behavior. A rich history of experimental investigation has identified several important properties that define occasion setters and the conditions that give rise to occasion setting. In this paper, we first consider the basic hallmarks of occasion setting in Pavlovian conditioning.
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Occasion setting plays a critical role in many aspects of human and non-human animal behavior, including tool use, social learning, communication, and in clinical settings with humans. The goal of this special issue is to attract attention to the history and diversity of current research on occasion setting. Occasion setting has a long history.
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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.
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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.
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Classical conditioning data show that a conditioned stimulus (CS) can act either as a simple CS—eliciting conditioned responses (CRs) by signaling the occurrence of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)—or as an occasion setter—controlling the responses generated by another CS. In this article, the authors apply a simple extension of a network model of conditioning, originally presented by N.
